Once you are past menopause, your doctor may recommend that you be assessed for the presence of osteoporosis and invasive breast cancer. There are different types of screening methods, and your doctor may recommend one or more of these screenings to assess your individual risk of osteoporosis and invasive breast cancer.
Invasive Breast Cancer Screening Methods
Osteoporosis Screening Methods
Invasive Breast Cancer Screening Methods
Regular screenings for invasive breast cancer are important for all women, as they may help detect invasive breast cancer at the earliest possible stage. They include:
Mammograms
This is a low-dose X-ray of the breasts that may help detect invasive breast cancer while the tumor is still too small to feel in a clinical or self-exam. The American Cancer Society recommends you get one every year beginning at age 40, but they are especially important for women over age 50. Depending on your individual risk factors, your doctor may recommend more frequent or additional tests.
Clinical Breast Exams
This is a test your healthcare professional performs at your regular checkup. He or she will feel for lumps in the entire breast, underarm, and collarbone area, and look for visual changes like a rash or differences in size and shape of the breasts and/or nipples, and may also check for a nipple discharge. The American Cancer Society recommends having this exam every 3 years before age 40, and every year after that.
Breast Self-Exams
These should be conducted once each month. Contact your doctor if you notice unusual changes, such as:
- A lump or thickening in the breast, underarm, or nearby
- Nipple tenderness or discharge, or a nipple that turns inward into the breast
- A change in the size or shape of the breast
- Red, swollen, dimpled, or scaly skin on the breast or nipple
- Pain or other symptoms that don’t go away
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Osteoporosis Screening Methods
DXA
The most common test for osteoporosis is the DXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry), also called a "bone mineral density" test. This is a painless, specialized X-ray that measures whether you are losing bone in your hip or spine.
DXA measures your bone mineral density and compares it with the average score for a 30-year-old healthy adult. Your result, called a "T-score," reflects how far off you are from the bone density of a 30-year-old healthy adult.
Be sure to talk to your doctor to find out what your T-score is, and when and how often you should repeat these tests.
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