Regular screenings for invasive breast cancer are important for all women, as they may help detect invasive breast cancer at the earliest possible stage. If you are at high risk for invasive breast cancer, you should talk to your doctor about invasive breast cancer screening, as the screening guidelines for women at high risk for invasive breast cancer may include supplemental or more frequent screenings.
Regular screenings include:
Mammograms
This is a low-dose X-ray of the breasts that may help detect invasive breast cancer while the tumor is still too small to feel in a clinical or self-exam. The American Cancer Society recommends you get one every year beginning at age 40, but they are especially important for women over age 50. Depending on your individual risk factors, your doctor may recommend more frequent or additional tests.
Clinical Breast Exams
This is a test your healthcare professional performs at your regular checkup. He or she will feel for lumps in the entire breast, underarm, and collarbone area, and look for visual changes like a rash or differences in size and shape of the breasts and/or nipples, and may also check for a nipple discharge. The American Cancer Society recommends having this exam every 3 years before age 40, and every year after that.
Breast Self-Exams
These should be conducted once each month. Contact your doctor if you notice unusual changes, such as:
- A lump or thickening in the breast, underarm, or nearby
- Nipple tenderness or discharge, or a nipple that turns inward into the breast
- A change in the size or shape of the breast
- Red, swollen, dimpled, or scaly skin on the breast or nipple
- Pain or other symptoms that don’t go away
Supplemental Screenings
If you are at high risk for invasive breast cancer, you should talk to your doctor about other screening methods to supplement mammography. You may also want to discuss the possibility of more frequent screenings. Supplemental screening methods could include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound. MRIs have been able to detect tumors in very dense breasts, and can find very small tumors. So far, however, there is not enough evidence to recommend MRI or ultrasound instead of mammography in women at high risk for invasive breast cancer.